Wolves Should Be Hunted

Wolves Should be Hunted The Grey Wolf was reintroduced in the United States in the mid 1990’s after years of extinction. In 1973 Northern Rocky Mountain wolf subspecies were listed on the endangered species list. In 1980 congress started talking about reintroducing the wolf back into the U. S. Since then this has been a heated debate. Animal rights activists were all for bringing the wolves back while many other opposed it. (Wolf Reintroduction: How the Wolves Came Back) The thing that the government forgot to think about was that they were reintroducing a wolf that was not native to the U.S. and that this wolf was much bigger, aggressive, and used to much harsher weather conditions than the Timberwolves native to the U. S. , when they decided to introduce Canadian Wolves. Canadian wolves weigh from 160 to 180 pounds, they are huge killing machines. Upon reintroducing gray wolves they also promised that once the wolves reached a certain population, they would be hunted to keep the wolf population to a sustainable number. The government first reintroduced the Canadian Gray Wolves into the Yellowstone National Park and Idaho. They started with 35 Canadian Gray Wolves.They said their plan was to increase the wolf population to 300 and to at least 30 breeding pairs across Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. The government then promised that states that were forced to accept wolves would be able to manage them once they reached a healthy breeding stock and were settled. The Government said that the reason for the reintroduction was to control the Elk population that had grown out of control in the Yellowstone National park. (Harkings, 2009) They argued by bringing a natural predator back into the ecosystem that this would take care of the over population of elk naturally.They said that the wolves would come in and take out the elk that were sick and failing. In the beginning this worked, however when the elk number were back to where they should be and the wolf numb er and packs grew, the government failed to let the state start managing them as they had promised before. This has brought much turmoil with the ranchers and sportsmen. The Governments plan worked so well that when the Canadian Wolves who are very territorial, spread into the small population of Timberwolves, they took over pushing the few native wolves out of the area killing them.The Federal Government’s Biologists failed to mention that this could happen. The wolves very quickly began to form packs and multiply. A typical breeding pair of wolves will have two litters of pups a year and with each litter they have up to twelve pups. This is the reason the wolf population has grown out of control. According to Idaho Fish and Game Idaho currently has 846 wolves in 88 pack’s and 39 of them are â€Å"breeding packs†The Canadian Wolves are now threatening healthy elk and deer. (Harkings, 2009) The elk and deer populations are now dwindling due to more harsh winters and wolves.They are also killing rancher’s livestock and putting rancher’s well-being at stake. Wolves have been proved to kill not only for food but for sport. For every one animal they kill to eat they kill three more just for the fun of it. Biologists call this â€Å"sport-reflex killing† or â€Å"lustful killing† the Canadian Gray wolves are killing machines (Harkings, 2009). They have also been proven to kill people’s dogs just for the fun of it. A wolf typically consume 16-24 hooved animals a year for consumption but that number must be doubled for all the animals that the wolf kills for sport and leaves left to die or rot. Harkings, 2009) The forests are being littered by carcasses left by the wolf. Wolves will wait until an elk, deer, or moose cow are giving birth and kill both the cow and the calf. Either eating them or leaving them and moving on to the next kill. They will dig up hibernating bears and kill them for both food and sport. W hen wolves are hunting in packs they are afraid of nothing. They will attack adult male grizzly bears and adult male moose. They are fearless and the only predators wolves have are humans. (Wood, 2005) That is why we need to start controlling their population before we have no hooved animals left.Wolves are such big killing animals that when they have taken out a species they will turn on their own and kill them for food. Wolves will stop at nothing they are killing machines that have to be stopped and their populations must be maintained before they become more out of control. Wolves have become so bold they have now been videoed stalking hunters in Northern Idaho. They also tried to attack a woman who was walking up her driveway. I would hate to think what would have happened if she didn’t have her cell phone and help hadn’t arrived soon enough.They are becoming more and more fearless every day and are coming closer and closer to humans. We not only have to put the f ear back into wolves for our own safety but for theirs. If we do not do something now wolves are going to diminish all of our wild hooved animals and start moving closer and closer to captivity. They are fearless and will stop at nothing. That is why we need to start taking control of the wolf before the wolf takes control of us. We have to start hunting wolves and maintaining their populations before these murderous creatures takes over.So go out get a tag and today and kill a wolf. Works Cited Harkings, D. (2009, June). Idaho Home to over 4,000 of the Biggest Baddest Wolves in America. Retrieved November 15, 2011, from http://proliberty. com/observer/20090623. htm Wolf Reintroduction: How the Wolves Came Back. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://www. class. uidaho. edu/kpgeorge/issues/wolves_reintroduction/reintroduction_question. htm Wood, K. (2005, January 29). The Truth About Those Canadian Wolf â€Å"Re†introductions. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from htt p://rliv. com/wolf/DailyChronicalTruth. pdf

Home Sweet Home

Woof. Woof woof. The consistent barking of my neighbor’s dog awakens me. I look outside the window only to realize its just 5 o’clock in the morning. Four hours before I need to get ready to head out with my family for a Sunday outing. â€Å"No use hitting the pillow now. I won’t be able to sleep anyhow. †, I tell myself. Having no clue how to spend these 5 hours, I start walking around my house. My room, with its orange hues, is the brightest one of all the rooms. Be it summer, winter or monsoon, the room is always airy with plenty of light.Passing by my parents’ room, I feel a sense of warmth. The beige and cascade green always make me feel warm inside. I make myself a cup of hot coffee and head towards our balcony, which faces the beautiful, lush green lawns next to the slope of the nearby hill. I take a deep breath, inhaling the beautiful aroma of the wet soil. The chirps and trills and cuckoos of the birds draw my attention. People say, birds n ever visit places where we stay. That is so not true!A person just has to get up early and have a stroll down the road near his house. It’s hard to believe that there are so many of them around us. Soon, I see a few people walking down the road. As time passes by, more people appear and so do their vehicles. The sounds of the feathered friends are replaced by the honking and beeping of the cars and scooters. Just then, my mom reminds me that I have to get ready, ending the delightful moments I just experienced. However, there would be more such mornings; and I certainly look forward to them.

My Honor As An Aggie - 1699 Words

Assignment 1, CSCE 314-501 Zach McClendon, UIN: 322002764 September 14, 2016 â€Å"On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received any unauthorized aid on any portion of the academic work included in this assignment.† Signature of student 1 Introduction The reason behind my choice of languages in this report are based on the following criteria: if i had prior knowledge, it was required, or they sounded interesting to me. I did this because I thought it would give me a chance to learn more about languages I have used and learn something new about a language I had no prior knowledge of. 2 Languages 2.1 C++ C++ is a language that was developed by Stroustrup in response to his experience on his Ph.D thesis. It led him to create a more powerful language similar to C with high level features for organization. The design was to give efficient and flexible performance making it a versatile language that has found its place in a wide variety of applications and services. [11] C++ is an object-oriented language that has a wide variety of uses and allows a good deal of flexibility. While it may not be the easiest to implement in many situation, it has a variety of benefits other languages can’t always provide such as performance in situations where others may lack and tools that make correct coding possible. [5] Still today a widely used language, C++ finds its place in a wide range of applications such as software development and even space probes. [11] 2.2 Haskell Haskell is aShow MoreRelatedProject Management At Texas A M University773 Words   |  4 Pagesbalance my extracurricular with my academics, building prowess in creativity and originality on both fronts. Though I have been profusely involved in extracurricular activity throughout my under graduation and graduation, I have always focused on my academics and strived to maintain a balance between the two. I am an Architect and nurture a passion in building constructions. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1492 Words

History Post traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorders also none as PTSD. In 1980 the American psychiatric association added PTSD to the third edition of its diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diagnostic nosologic classification scheme although controversial when first introduced the PTSD diagnosis has filled an important gap in psychiatric theory and practice from an historical perspective the significant change ushered in by the PTSD concept was the stipulation that that the etiological agent was outside the individual traumatic event rather than an inherent individual weakness traumatic neurosis they key to understanding the scientific basis and clinical expression of PTSD is the concept of trauma. The formulation a traumatic event was conceptualized as catastrophic stressor that was outside the range of usual human experiences. 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African American Social And Political Thought Of Today

Sayfur R Shuyeb FP7735 AFS 2210-001 African-American Social and Political Thought of Today I might not be a person like Martin Luther King Jr., W.E.B Du Bois, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammad, Bell Hooks, and Jesse Jackson, or I might not be a part of organizations like the NAACP, SCLC, Afro American Unity, and Black Panther Party, but if I ever get an opportunity to make a difference these people and organizations made to the lives of African-Americans, I would never hesitate to take it. Although, these people adhered to the different ideologies, they all are unique, as they all had a significant role in fighting against the struggles of African-Americans in one way or the other. It’s true that, these people were able to achieve the equal†¦show more content†¦I believe this approach remains important in the struggle against racial inequality and injustice because it seems like a very effective way of solving the problem with desegregation. Negro citizenship had no value to the South or the whites, for which, they weren’t recognized. That is where the prob lem with desegregation came and in order to solve that problem, recognition is eventually the first step to solve this issue, â€Å"We affirm the philosophical or religious ideal of nonviolence as the foundation of our purpose, the pre-supposition of our faith, and the manner of our action† (371), is the mission statement of the organization Student Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) that clearly portrays its philosophy of nonviolence in the struggle against racial injustice and inequality. Nonviolence is one of the most important philosophies that is most relevant today in many cases and also remains important in the struggle against the racial injustice and inequality. Organizations of African-Americans today still believe in nonviolence as the way of facing the racial injustice and inequality. They take their action against the racial injustice and inequality by following the rules and regulations rather committing any violent crime. And, IShow MoreRelatedRacial Leadership And The African American Political Thought From B Du Bois1260 Words   |  6 Pageshad different views of racial leadershi p in Afro American political thought from W.E.B Du Bois to Booker T. Washington to Marcus Garvey who sought to lead African-Americans from the oppression they face. All three of these historical figures had different views on racial leadership and politics as well as the vision and direction that racial emancipation should take. W.E.B Du Bois argued that African-Americans should political, economic, and social freedom and advancement. Booker T. 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Architecture free essay sample

Despite the clarity of the Losss definition, this contemporary question has a persistent quality that Is usually noticed In Its occlusion. In other words, the extent to which the link Is denied and architecture Is seen as no more than building and thus thought in terms of a differentiation of the economic from the cultural suggests that the possibility of architectures relation to culture is a question whose acuity cannot be readily escaped. What then is architectures relation to culture?In purely strategic terms, the question is relevant, since policy usually in terms of overspent policy and even architectural criticism often uses straightforwardly economic criteria to make decisions or draw conclusions. Approaching architecture as an Industry, while apposite In certain Instances, falls to allow for the role of the architectural in forming part of a nations, or a communitys, culture. Yet, it is clear that the presence of architecture in the daily lives of citizens underscores its inalienable cultural presence. We will write a custom essay sample on Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The task in this essay is to address this presence and to draw conclusions that might have relevance for policy directed decisions, as well s evaluative ones. This essay was prompted by the refusal of public money to the Australian pavilion at the recent Venice Biennial, but more Importantly, by the need to engage with the Issues that such a refusal raises. For the most part, these Issues do not pertain to the relative strength or weakness of Australian architecture, but rather to the way in which it defines itself.Architecture in this country does not define itself in any singular way, however, there is a prevailing perception. To counter that perception is to reopen the need to link architecture to the wider world of policy policy other than simple planning regulations and this involves reopening the question of architectures relation to culture. This essay uses culture In two senses. One relates to activities that are often understood as specific to architecture. The other is inextricably connected to the realm of human existence and demarcates the ways in which human life differentiates itself from nature.Taken in isolation each is potentially problematic holding to the exclusivity of the culture of architecture denies its presence as part of human society, while thinking of architecture as thing other than cultural precludes any consideration of, for example, the way different materials realize different effects within architectural practice. What matters is the way concerns of one understanding can perhaps should intrude into the other. Recognizing that these two different senses of culture are interrelated can provide a way through this complex set of considerations.Insisting this interrelation introduces another defining element into the equation. Indeed, it marks the point of relation: the public. Architecture is essentially public. This Is hardly a intermissions with the refusal of its consequences. A choice emerges. Architecture can define its sphere of operation as the construction of objects that are understood as only ever private, and which thus only open up the already circumscribed worlds of individual activity for example, the house. Or architecture can insist on its inherently public nature.Emphasizing the public does not mean that the construction of the house is, in some sense, a denial of architecture. Rather, the argument is that architectures continual opening onto the world an opening which an have an important role in the construction of that world is one of the main ways to generate a nexus between the culture of architecture and the inherently public nature of human sociality. The distinction between these two positions opening in or opening out is not a distinction between architecture as an academic activity on the one hand and as a worldly activity on the other.Instead, different conceptions of practice are at work here in both instances there can be a championing of materials over programmer; in both, a concern with the environmental consequences f building can be paramount; equally, issues pertaining to sustainability can drive each of them. Yet the distinction is crucial. It involves the extent to which there is an affirmation with all the difficulties and complexities that this term brings of the inherently public nature of architecture. OPENING IN.Architecture can be described as opening in when it defines itself as an activity of construction for individuals to suit individual needs. In working from the outside in, space is created that reproduces the desires of clients the world takes on the veneer of the private. This s a conception of the private in which the individual either singularly or as a unit has primacy. Moreover this generates a conception of the public as a collection of individuals all of whom aspire to create their own private world, which is the locus where their own unique desires are satisfied.Architecture begins to define itself in these terms when this conception of practice and world creation becomes the basis for future discussions and evaluations. Once the object is understood as having been created for the individual including a conception of the public as the totality f individuals it follows that architecture is the expression of personalities, and that the built object expresses the personality of the client. (Or at least that this would be the desired intent on both sides. Equally, because construction, understood in this ligh t, is always defined by a conception of individual taste, there cannot be a link to any conception of culture beyond the generalization of the individual. It is not difficult to imagine that once this is accepted as the definition of architecture and it is a self-definition that works at a range of different scales architecture will be inevitably understood as a series of produced (built, constructed, et cetera) objects that are created by individuals to serve individual ends.Since the public is always counterpoised to the individual and this is true even when the public is understood as the abstract presence of the totality of individuals architecture will be defined in terms of singular relations. The relation is will always be between architect and client, and architecture will remain enclosed within that relation. Once there is a turn towards the interior there is no need to think in terms of the registration of the exterior. Those elements at a minimum, the exterior to which architecture opens out pertain to culture understood as part of the public domain.The limit of this preoccupation of Australian architecture with domes tic housing only exacerbates the situation. The insistence on the interior and the associated definition of architecture in terms of individual concerns and reciprocally as only of concern for individuals make it a simple matter to locate architecture as no more than an economic activity. In this framework the house would have a bespoke suit as its correlate. The refusal of he public is, of course, a position taken in relation to the inherently public nature of architecture.This not only establishes the limit of architectures self-definition in terms opening in; it also indicates that the culture of architecture is, from the start, traversed by the complex matter of culture. The already present place of culture needs to be noted. Here, it concerns the capacity for an object to stage a relation. This may seem an overly complex point, but it is not. Staging a relation is not Just the presence of programmer, nor is it Just the use of one combination of materials rather Han another. Staging is the way that the internationalization of a programmer and materials works to present a specific conception of the programmer in question. The differences, for example, between two museums are to be found in terms of what they stage. That is, the way the understanding of the programmer, the geometry proper to its realization, and the materials once combined yield the object. However, it is an object as a site of activity. The activity is the way the building stages its presence. Two things need to be noted here. The first is that staging is integral to the way an object works as architecture. The second is that programmer, geometry, and the use of materials have both a historical and cultural dimension. This means that staging necessarily inscribes the architectural object with broader cultural considerations. Opening in, therefore, becomes an attempt to avoid defining architecture in terms of this inscription of wider public concerns. The counter position opening out becomes the way of acknowledging the presence of staging and of allowing this acknowledgment to play a pivotal role in establishing a definition of architecture.OPENING OUT. The move to the outside allowing the external to be stirred internally and the internal to have an external registration allows us to insist on the public nature of architecture precisely because here the two senses of culture interact. This is not a question of the house versus the public building. Rather, this particular definition provides the basis for more generalized understanding of architecture. It is important to note, however, that the culture that is registered is neither unified nor benign.Indeed, the interplay of dominance and opposition is fundamental to its schismatic and agnostic nature. This opens an area of discussion that cannot be pursued in this context. However, it indicates, nonetheless, that the registration of external elements will not be the registration of a unified culture precisely because the culture in question is not grounded in any sense of unity other than that of simple dominance or the identification with the totality of a culture with its most conservative instance, for example the identification of a culture with the national.This emphasis on the explicit acknowledgement of architectures public nature, and on architecture as staging, does not mean that henceforth architecture has to be either utilitarian that is merely functional or inst rumental or driven by some large social goal. Moreover, such an acknowledgment might be present in quite different ways. The complex surfaces of the Online example, opens up a potential urban field. This does not occur by locating the architecture on the surface, but by allowing the surface to help create a visual urbanism.What emerges, as a potential as well as what that is actually realized, are urban surfaces. The interest in the surface as evinced by Lyons and here there is an important affinity with some recent work by Herzog and De Neuron, in particular their library for the Brawled Polytechnic should be understood as coating the objects architecture as much in a sustained engagement with programmatic concerns, as it is in the construction of urban surfaces.The importance of the latter is that they take the creation of surfaces beyond any concern with the decorative. While a great deal has been written about ARMs National Museum of Australia (AMA) in Canberra, its singular importance lies in the specific way it stages a conception of the public and thus of community. While it enhances the site , to argue that a building complements Walter Burley Griffins mastering runs the risk of condemning it in advance. At the AMA identity becomes a site of endless negotiation and the symbols carry that positioning. Both work together to define the site. Rather than concentrate on the symbols per SE, what is fundamental is that they introduce a conception of time that is not determined by immediacy. The symbols stage a more complex and always-to-be-determined conception of identity. There is still a connection between symbols and what is symbolized. However, what needs to be noted is that it is hard to establish the link as definitive.Indeed, that is the point. The public nature of the architecture, and its democratic impulse, are mound in the symbolism because the work attests to the complex and cosmopolitan nature of the public. Lab architecture studios Federation Square is a fundamentally different project. But it demands, among other things, a reconsideration of how, within the urban context, figure/ground relations have to be recast in terms of figure/ figure relations.The inscription of an implicit urbanism into The Ian Potter Centre: ENG Australia, the construction of the squares themselves as explicitly urban, the complex relation that both have to the urbanism created by the intersections of the rid and the lanes and fed by public transport hubs, means that each element becomes an important figure constructing the urban terrain. While this does not occur literally, Federation Square develops both externally and internally (within the ENG itself) the urbanism of its setting, while demanding a rethinking if how interventions of th is scale within a pre-existing fabric are to be understood.The significance of these projects cannot be understood in terms of the image they project. In other words, it is not as though subsequent work be it a large scale project or a domestic house has to have a Lyons surface, or to deploy complex homeboys, or to mime fractal geometries. The fact that they are significant does not mean that they set the measure for what architecture has to look like. It is not a question of appearance.Rather, what has to occur is a process of abstraction where what characterizes them and it will always be the interplay of the strictly architectural and the cultural, one figuring in the other is allowed to set the framework in which architectures definition of itself can continue to develop. Affirming the presence of the cultural by noting the inalienability of the public, hill allowing both to have a complex and contested status allows architecture to the merely cultural, it goes without saying that such a position is necessarily contestable.Moreover, this inherent conceivability may result in the refusal of the interplay of cultures and therefore in the championing of the interdependence of the private and the economic. The victory of one over the other reveals an essential truth. Namely, that the presence of the conflict the inescapable hold of conceivability is the first step in any argument for the inherently cultural nature of the architectural.

You Might Remember The Heroic Role That Newly-invented Radar Played In

You might remember the heroic role that newly-invented radar played in the Second World War. People hailed it then as "Our Miracle Ally". But even in its earliest years, as it was helping win the war, radar proved to be more than an expert enemy locator. Radar technicians, doodling away in their idle moments, found that they could focus a radar beam on a marshmallow and toast it. They also popped popcorn with it. Such was the beginning of microwave cooking. The very same energy that warned the British of the German Luftwaffe invasion and that policemen employ to pinch speeding motorists, is what many of us now have in our kitchens. It's the same as what carries long distance phone calls and cablevision. Hitler's army had its own version of radar, using radio waves. But the trouble with radio waves is that their long wavelength requires a large, cumbersome antenna to focus them into a narrow radar beam. The British showed that microwaves, with their short wavelength, could be focussed ina narrow beam with an antenna many times smaller. This enabled them to make more effective use of radar since an antenna could be carried on aircraft, ships and mobile ground stations. This characteristic of microwaves, the efficiency with which they are concentrated in a narrow beam, is one reason why they can be used in cooking. You can produce a high-powered microwave beam in a small oven, but you can't do the same with radio waves, which are simply too long. Microwaves and their Use The idea of cooking with radiation may seem like a fairly new one, but in fact it reaches back thousands of years. Ever since mastering fire, man has cooked with infrared radiation, a close kin of the microwave. Infrared rays are what give you that warm glow when you put your hand near a room radiator or a hotplate or a campfire. Infrared rays, flowing from the sun and striking the atmosphere, make the Earth warm and habitable. In a conventional gas or electric oven, infrared waves pour off the hot elements or burners and are converted to heat when they strike air inside and the food. Microwaves and infrared rays are related in that both are forms of electromagnetic energy. Both consist of electric and magnetic fields that rise and fall like waves on an ocean. Silently, invisibly and at the speed of light, they travel through space and matter. There are many forms of electromagnetic energy (see diagram). Ordinary light from the sun is one, and the only one you can actually see. X-rays are another. Each kind, moving at a separate wavelength, has a unique effect on any matter it touches. When you lie out in the summer sun, for example, it's the infrared rays that bring warmth, but ultraviolet radiation that tans your skin. If the Earth's protective atmosphere weren't there, intense cosmic radiation from space would kill you. So why do microwaves cook faster than infrared rays? Well, suppose you're roasting a chicken in a radar range. What happens is t hat when you switch on the microwaves, they're absorbed only by water molecules in the chicken. Water is what chemists call a polar molecule. It has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the opposite end. This peculiar orientation provides a sort of handle for the microwaves to grab onto. The microwaves agitate the water molecules billions of times a second, and this rapid movement generates heat and cooks the food. Since microwaves agitate only water molecules, they pass through all other molecules and penetrate deep into the chicken. They reach right inside the food. Ordinary ovens, by contrast, fail to have the same penetrating power because their infrared waves agitate all molecules. Most of the infarred radiation is spent heating the air inside the oven, and any remaining rays are absorbed by the outer layer of the chicken. Food cooks in an ordinary oven as the heat from the air and the outer layer of the food slowly seeps down to the inner layers. In short, oven microwaves cook the outside of the chicken at the same time as they cook the You Might Remember The Heroic Role That Newly-invented Radar Played In You might remember the heroic role that newly-invented radar played in the Second World War. People hailed it then as "Our Miracle Ally". But even in its earliest years, as it was helping win the war, radar proved to be more than an expert enemy locator. Radar technicians, doodling away in their idle moments, found that they could focus a radar beam on a marshmallow and toast it. They also popped popcorn with it. Such was the beginning of microwave cooking. The very same energy that warned the British of the German Luftwaffe invasion and that policemen employ to pinch speeding motorists, is what many of us now have in our kitchens. It's the same as what carries long distance phone calls and cablevision. Hitler's army had its own version of radar, using radio waves. But the trouble with radio waves is that their long wavelength requires a large, cumbersome antenna to focus them into a narrow radar beam. The British showed that microwaves, with their short wavelength, could be focussed ina narrow beam with an antenna many times smaller. This enabled them to make more effective use of radar since an antenna could be carried on aircraft, ships and mobile ground stations. This characteristic of microwaves, the efficiency with which they are concentrated in a narrow beam, is one reason why they can be used in cooking. You can produce a high-powered microwave beam in a small oven, but you can't do the same with radio waves, which are simply too long. Microwaves and their Use The idea of cooking with radiation may seem like a fairly new one, but in fact it reaches back thousands of years. Ever since mastering fire, man has cooked with infrared radiation, a close kin of the microwave. Infrared rays are what give you that warm glow when you put your hand near a room radiator or a hotplate or a campfire. Infrared rays, flowing from the sun and striking the atmosphere, make the Earth warm and habitable. In a conventional gas or electric oven, infrared waves pour off the hot elements or burners and are converted to heat when they strike air inside and the food. Microwaves and infrared rays are related in that both are forms of electromagnetic energy. Both consist of electric and magnetic fields that rise and fall like waves on an ocean. Silently, invisibly and at the speed of light, they travel through space and matter. There are many forms of electromagnetic energy (see diagram). Ordinary light from the sun is one, and the only one you can actually see. X-rays are another. Each kind, moving at a separate wavelength, has a unique effect on any matter it touches. When you lie out in the summer sun, for example, it's the infrared rays that bring warmth, but ultraviolet radiation that tans your skin. If the Earth's protective atmosphere weren't there, intense cosmic radiation from space would kill you. So why do microwaves cook faster than infrared rays? Well, suppose you're roasting a chicken in a radar range. What happens is t hat when you switch on the microwaves, they're absorbed only by water molecules in the chicken. Water is what chemists call a polar molecule. It has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the opposite end. This peculiar orientation provides a sort of handle for the microwaves to grab onto. The microwaves agitate the water molecules billions of times a second, and this rapid movement generates heat and cooks the food. Since microwaves agitate only water molecules, they pass through all other molecules and penetrate deep into the chicken. They reach right inside the food. Ordinary ovens, by contrast, fail to have the same penetrating power because their infrared waves agitate all molecules. Most of the infarred radiation is spent heating the air inside the oven, and any remaining rays are absorbed by the outer layer of the chicken. Food cooks in an ordinary oven as the heat from the air and the outer layer of the food slowly seeps down to the inner layers. In short, oven microwaves cook the outside of the chicken at the same time as they cook the